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This is a type of heavy machinery commonly used in modern construction projects for excavating materials above or below the grade level, such as soil, coal, silt, and rock that has been loosened beforehand.

There are several types of excavators:

Backhoe excavator: This type performs an "upward and forward" digging action, suitable for excavating moist foundations up to 2 meters deep and requires setting up access ramps.

Front shovel excavator: Characterized by its powerful digging force, it can excavate dry soils above the grade level and is suitable for depths greater than 2 meters.

Dragline excavator: This type uses a "downward and backward" digging method, suitable for excavating Class I and II soils below the grade level.

Grab excavator: With its unique "straight up and down, self-weight cutting" action, it is ideal for deep and narrow foundation pits, clearing old channels, and dredging sludge from water bodies.

Excavators play a crucial role in various construction tasks, including road building, bridge construction, architectural projects, fish pond excavation, underground engineering, and emergency. They can also perform multiple operations such as lifting, pile driving, compacting, pulling out piles, pouring, installation, demolition, and crushing when equipped with different attachments.

As technology advances, excavator designs and capabilities continue to improve. For instance, full-hydraulic, full-swing excavators have become mainstream, consisting of key components like the engine, hydraulic system, working devices, walking mechanisms, and electrical control systems. In the future, excavators are expected to become more intelligent, better adapting to complex working environments and conditions, improving efficiency and safety. With new technology applications, we can anticipate excavators to have higher automation levels, playing a bigger role in various engineering tasks.